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In this post, we are going to see two different types of network services that are provided by the network layer – Connection-less & Connection-Oriented Services.

Note – Today we will reach these points that are shown below –

• What is connection-less service in network ?
• what is connection-oriented service in network ?
• Difference between connection-less and connection-oriented service ?
• Some short points such as (packet, store and forward switching, cut through switching) ?

We knows that Network layers can offer two different type of network services to the layer above them. – Connection-less & Connection-Oriented.

Connection-Oriented Service

connection-oriented service has come after the telephone service. In the telephone service, we can talk to someone. To talk to someone, you pick up the phone, dial the number, talk, and then hang up. These four major operational parts to conversation with others. Similarly, to use a connection-oriented network service, the service user first establishes the connection, uses the connection, and then releases the connection. The essential aspect of connection is that it acts like a tube: The Sender pushes the objects such as bits in at one end, and the receiver takes them out at the other end. In most cases, the order is preserved so that the bits arrive in the order they were sent.

In Some cases, when a connection is established, the sender, receiver, and Subnet conduct negotiation about the parameters to be used, such as maximum message size, what quality of service sent by the sender, and what quality of service received by the receiver and other issues.

Typically, one side makes a proposal and the other side can accept it, reject it, or make a counter-proposal. A circuit is another name for a connection with associated resources such as fixed bandwidth. This dates from the telephone network in which a circuit was a path over the copper wire that carried a phone conversation.

Connection-less Service

Connection-less service has come after the postal system(letter sending or receiving). Each Message carries the full destination address. Each one is routed through intermediate nodes, inside the system independent of all the subsequent messages.

There are different names for messages in different contexts;

• a packet is a message at the network layer.
• when the intermediate nodes receive a message in full before sending it onto the next node, this is called store and forward switching.
• The alternative, in which the onward transmission of a message at a node starts before it is completely received by the node is called cut-through switching.

Normally, When two messages are sent to the same destination, the first one sent will be the first one to arrive. However, it is possible that the first one sent can be delayed, so that the second one arrives the first. The connection-less service is also known as datagram service (meaning unreliable not acknowledged), in analogy with telegram service, which also does not return an acknowledgement to the sender.

In other situations, the convenience of not having to establish a connection to send one message is desired, but reliability is essential. The acknowledged datagram service can be provided for those applications. It is like sending a registered letter and requesting a return script. When the receipt come back, the sender is absolutely sure that the letter was delivered to the intended party and not lost along the way. text messaging is on mobile phone is an example.

connection-less & connection-oriented service examples

basic difference of Connection-less and Connection-Oriented Services

• Connection-Oriented – We can not send any message before successfully establish a connection.
• Connection-less – we can send one message before starting conversation in the form of request and reply model used b/w Client & Server.

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