🔐 Cyber Security

1. Cybersecurity policies must evolve continuously to match dynamic threat landscapes.
   Ans: True – Threat actors adapt quickly, requiring constant updates to policies.
2. Zero Trust architecture assumes devices within the network are safe.
   Ans: False – It verifies every user and device regardless of location.
3. Penetration testing only identifies known vulnerabilities.
   Ans: False – It can reveal unknown weaknesses through simulation of real-world attacks.
4. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) can be bypassed with sophisticated phishing attacks.
   Ans: True – Advanced phishing kits can capture and reuse MFA tokens.
5. Supply chain attacks target third-party services to infiltrate organizations.
   Ans: True – This indirect method is increasingly exploited by attackers.
6. Behavioral analytics help detect insider threats in real-time.
   Ans: True – They monitor patterns for deviations indicating malicious behavior.
7. Cyber resilience focuses solely on preventing breaches.
   Ans: False – It includes detection, response, and recovery strategies.
8. SIEM tools centralize security event management.
   Ans: True – They aggregate and analyze logs for incident detection.
9. IoT devices rarely need security measures since they are isolated.
   Ans: False – IoT devices are often entry points for attackers.
10. Nation-state actors are the primary concern for personal cybersecurity.
    Ans: False – Individuals are more commonly targeted by cybercriminals.
11. Red teams simulate real attacks, while blue teams defend against them.
    Ans: True – This approach strengthens organizational defenses.
12. Cybersecurity mesh architecture promotes centralized access control.
    Ans: False – It decentralizes security per node to enhance flexibility.
13. Blockchain ensures complete cybersecurity for transactions.
    Ans: False – While secure, it still requires application-level protection.
14. AI and machine learning enhance threat detection accuracy.
    Ans: True – They enable faster, adaptive recognition of threats.
15. Digital forensics is used only after an incident occurs.
    Ans: True – It helps trace breaches post-attack.
16. Quantum computing will strengthen current encryption algorithms.
    Ans: False – It threatens to break many existing cryptographic methods.
17. GDPR impacts how companies manage and secure user data.
    Ans: True – It enforces strict data protection regulations.
18. Keyloggers can be hardware or software-based.
    Ans: True – Both types silently capture keystrokes.
19. Attack surface management is static.
    Ans: False– It changes as new assets and connections emerge.
20. Cloud-based systems eliminate the need for endpoint protection.
    Ans: False – Endpoints still need security regardless of cloud usage.
21. SOC (Security Operations Center) functions proactively and reactively.
    Ans: True – It monitors, detects, and responds to threats.
22. Identity and Access Management (IAM) is optional in cloud environments.
    Ans: False– IAM is crucial for controlling cloud access.
23. Cyber insurance can fully recover all losses post-attack.
    Ans: False – It can help mitigate financial losses but not reputation or data.
24. Ethical hackers must follow legal and authorized boundaries.
    Ans: True – Their activities must be approved by the organization.
25. Air-gapped networks are immune to malware infections.
    Ans: False – They can be infected via removable media or insider threats.

🌐Computer Networking

1. SDN (Software Defined Networking) separates control and data planes.
   Ans: True – It centralizes control for network agility.
2. IPv6 provides more efficient routing than IPv4.
   Ans: True – It has hierarchical addressing that improves performance.
3. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is used within local networks.
   Ans: False– It’s used for routing between autonomous systems.
4. NAT traversal is necessary for peer-to-peer communications behind firewalls.
   Ans: True – It enables devices behind NATs to connect directly.
5. Network slicing is used in 5G to customize network performance.
   Ans: True – It enables dedicated logical networks on shared infrastructure.
6. VLANs enhance network security and segmentation.
   Ans: True – They isolate traffic logically within switches.
7. MPLS is primarily used for residential broadband connections.
   Ans: False – MPLS is typically used in enterprise networks.
8. OSPF and EIGRP are examples of distance-vector routing protocols.
   Ans: False – OSPF is link-state, EIGRP is advanced distance-vector.
9. Port mirroring is used for network traffic monitoring.
   Ans: True – It duplicates traffic to an analysis port.
10. Packet sniffing is always malicious.
    Ans: False – It’s also used for legitimate network analysis.
11. DMZs (Demilitarized Zones) isolate public-facing servers.
    Ans: True – They reduce internal network exposure.
12. Dual-homed hosts improve fault tolerance.
    Ans: True – Multiple interfaces reduce single points of failure.
13. Congestion control is handled by TCP.
    Ans: True – It adjusts sending rates based on network conditions.
14. DNSSEC secures DNS queries against spoofing.
    Ans: True – It adds cryptographic authentication to DNS data.
15. The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevents routing loops.
    Ans: False – It prevents switching loops in Layer 2 networks.
16. IPv4 exhaustion is solved entirely by NAT.
    Ans: False – NAT delays the problem, IPv6 is the long-term solution.
17. Edge computing reduces latency in networking.
    Ans: True – It processes data closer to the source.
18. Jumbo frames always improve performance.
    Ans: False – They can cause issues on unsupported networks.
19. RIP is still widely used in modern enterprise networks.
    Ans: False– It’s outdated and replaced by better protocols.
20. Wi-Fi 6 improves throughput and reduces congestion.
    Ans: True – It introduces technologies like OFDMA and MU-MIMO.
21. QoS ensures all network traffic is treated equally.
    Ans: False – It prioritizes traffic based on service needs.
22. SNMP is used for network management.
    Ans: True – It monitors and manages networked devices.
23. Network redundancy eliminates downtime completely.
    Ans: False– It reduces but doesn’t eliminate all risks.
24. Honeypots are deployed to trap malicious users.
    Ans: True – They simulate vulnerable systems for study.
25. SFP modules are used in wireless networking.
    Ans: False – They’re used in optical and Ethernet port expansion.

🚀 Future Skills

1. Q: Critical thinking is essential for filtering misinformation in digital environments.
   Ans: True – It enables individuals to assess source credibility and logic.
2. Q: Only tech professionals need to understand data literacy.
   Ans: False – All professionals benefit from interpreting and using data.
3. Q: Emotional intelligence is becoming more valued than technical expertise.
   Ans: True – Soft skills enhance leadership, collaboration, and adaptability.
4. Q: Lifelong learning is optional in industries with slow change.
   Ans: False – Change affects all sectors; upskilling remains crucial.
5. Q: Human creativity cannot be replicated by AI.
   Ans: Partially True – AI can mimic creativity, but human context and originality remain unique.
6. Q: Adaptability is now considered a core competency for workforce resilience.
   Ans: True – It enables employees to navigate change and ambiguity.
7. Q: Automation will eliminate all blue-collar jobs.
   Ans: False – It changes tasks but also creates new job roles.
8. Q: Digital ethics is becoming a mandatory skill in tech leadership.
   Ans: True – Leaders must evaluate the societal impacts of digital solutions.
9. Q: Learning how to learn is a meta-skill for future success.
   Ans: True – It supports continuous growth in any discipline.
10. Q: Green skills are only relevant to environmental science fields.
    Ans: False – They’re needed across industries adapting to sustainability goals.
11. Q: Design thinking promotes user-centered innovation.
    Ans: True – It focuses on empathy, ideation, and iteration.
12. Q: Coding is the only skill required in the digital economy.
    Ans: False – Skills like UX design, marketing, and project management are also vital.
13. Q: Cultural intelligence supports global collaboration.
    Ans: True – It reduces misunderstandings in diverse teams.
14. Q: Deep learning about blockchain is essential for all professionals.
    Ans: False – Understanding applications is enough for most; developers need depth.
15. Q: Remote collaboration tools are replacing the need for in-person leadership.
    Ans: False– Leadership is still crucial for motivation and alignment.
16. Q: Systems thinking allows individuals to understand complexity in change.
    Ans: True – It enables strategic decision-making in dynamic environments.
17. Q: Storytelling is irrelevant in technical roles.
    Ans: False – It’s essential for presenting data and ideas persuasively.
18. Q: Soft skills can be automated by AI tools.
    Ans: False – Empathy, communication, and intuition remain uniquely human.
19. Q: The gig economy requires strong self-management and marketing skills.
    Ans: True – Freelancers need autonomy and visibility to succeed.
20. Q: Interdisciplinary knowledge is becoming a competitive advantage.
    Ans: True – Combining fields leads to more innovative solutions.
21. Q: 3D printing literacy will become essential in digital manufacturing.
    Ans: True – It’s transforming production and prototyping workflows.
22. Q: AR and VR skills are only relevant in gaming.
    Ans: False – They’re being used in healthcare, training, and retail.
23. Q: Ethical hacking is considered a future-proof career skill.
    Ans: True – It supports cybersecurity in an evolving threat landscape.
24. Q: Negotiation and persuasion are obsolete in data-driven workplaces.
    Ans: False– They’re vital for stakeholder alignment and influence.
25. Q: Reskilling is a one-time process.
    Ans: False – It must be continuous due to rapid technological change.

🛒 E-Commerce

1. Q: Omnichannel strategies improve customer loyalty and retention.
   Ans: True – They offer seamless experiences across platforms.
2. Q: Personalization in e-commerce violates user privacy.
   Ans: False – It can be ethical if done with consent and transparency.
3. Q: Cart abandonment is mostly caused by poor website design.
   Ans: False – It’s often due to hidden fees, complex checkouts, or trust issues.
4. Q: Mobile commerce has surpassed desktop usage globally.
   Ans: True – Mobile is now the dominant platform for online shopping.
5. Q: AI chatbots replace all human customer service needs.
   Ans: False – They handle routine queries; complex issues still need humans.
6. Q: Blockchain improves supply chain transparency in e-commerce.
   Ans: True – It ensures authenticity and traceability of products.
7. Q: A high bounce rate always indicates poor product quality.
   Ans: False – It could relate to speed, UX, or irrelevant traffic.
8. Q: SEO is less important in e-commerce than paid advertising.
   Ans: False – Organic traffic is critical for long-term growth.
9. Q: Subscription models help increase customer lifetime value.
   Ans: True – They promote recurring revenue and brand loyalty.
10. Q: Social commerce is limited to Gen Z shoppers.
    Ans: False – It’s gaining traction across all age groups.
11. Q: Dynamic pricing uses data to adjust prices in real-time.
    Ans: True – It optimizes sales based on demand and competition.
12. Q: GDPR and similar laws impact how e-commerce sites collect data.
    Ans: True – They mandate user consent and data protection.
13. Q: Headless commerce allows more flexibility in frontend design.
    Ans: True – It decouples backend logic from the user interface.
14. Q: Inventory management systems are optional for small businesses.
    Ans: False– Poor inventory control can lead to major losses.
15. Q: International e-commerce requires only language translation.
    Ans: False– It also involves localization of currency, logistics, and culture.
16. Q: Influencer marketing is becoming less effective in e-commerce.
    Ans: False – Micro-influencers are still driving high engagement.
17. Q: Cross-border e-commerce doesn’t need legal compliance research.
    Ans: False – Legal regulations vary by country and must be followed.
18. Q: Augmented Reality (AR) helps reduce product return rates.
    Ans: True – It improves confidence in virtual try-ons.
19. Q: Negative reviews always harm sales.
    Ans: False – Authenticity, even with negatives, can build trust.
20. Q: Payment gateway failures are a major cause of checkout abandonment.
    Ans: True – Reliability and variety are essential in payment options.
21. Q: Data analytics only helps post-sale decision-making.
    Ans: False– It also informs targeting, pricing, and UX.
22. Q: E-commerce automation includes personalized marketing emails.
    Ans: True – Automation improves marketing efficiency and ROI.
23. Q: Digital wallets reduce conversion friction.
    Ans: True – They simplify and speed up the payment process.
24. Q: B2B e-commerce uses the same UX strategies as B2C.
    Ans: False – B2B often requires bulk ordering, custom quotes, and approvals.
25. Q: Cybersecurity is less important for small e-commerce businesses.
    Ans: False – SMBs are frequent targets due to weaker defenses.